Implementation Support (Pendukung Implementasi)

Objectives :

v  Programming Tools for interactive systems provide :

- a means of effectively translating abstract designs and usability principles into an executable form

- different level of services for the programmer

v  Windowing Systems :

- central environment for the programmer and the user

- allowing a single workstation to support separate user-system threads of action simultaneously

v  Interaction Toolkits :

- allowing the programmer to describe behaviours of objects at a level similar to how the user perceives them

v  User Interface Management Systems (UIMS) :

- the final level of programming support tools

- allowing the designer and the programmer to contraol the relationship between the presentation objects of a toolkit with their functional semantics in the actual application 

Elements of Windowing Systems

Two features :

Ø  Device Independence à konsep abstract terminal

Ø  Resource Sharing à multiple application control

Abstract Terminal :

Ø  makes the programming task easier

Ø  makes portability of application programs possible

Device Driver (translation program) :

Øneeds to be written for a particular hardware device and then any application program can access it.

Example of Abstract Terminal :

Ø  Pixels

Ø  Graphical Kernel System (GKS)

Ø  Programmer’s Hierarchical Interface to Graphics (PHIGS)

Ø  PostScript

 Programming The Application

Ø  Programming Paradigm :

a. Read-Evaluation Loop

b. Notification Based

User Interface Management Systems (UIMS)

The main concerns of a UIMS :

·  A conceptual architecture for the structure of an interactive system which concentrates on a separation between application semantics and presentation

·         Techniques for implementing a separated application and presentation

·  Support techniques for managing, implementing and evaluating a run time interaction environment

The Logical Components of a UIMS :

·         Presentation

·         Dialogue control

·         Application interface